Thins Fall Apart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Diminishes Fall Apart - Essay Example The degree of separation accomplished by the creator in depicting the life before expansionism is exemplary. The topic of the book and the author’s mentality towards the topic both bring out interest. Without giving an excess of space for sentimentalism, he subtleties the situation in the nation, and isn't keen on making a ruddy picture out of adoration for his nation. He expresses the realities, and portrays the deficiencies of his kin, specifies about savage ancestral wars, everyday brutality and the resultant anguish. He additionally specifies that the joining factor among the individuals is social intelligence, profound established confidence in formality and uncommon customs, the significance of which is hard to evaluate yet exceptionally regarded and followed by the individuals. What is the significance of the traditions and customs of Igbo society and how they are reflected in the everyday life and auras of the Nigerian innate network? The significance of different sect ions of culture deeply affects the Nigerian culture and their internal world reacts to its extravagance and excellence. Alluding to the job of music Chinua Achebe(1994, p.4) composes, â€Å"The all out impact was gay and lively, yet in the event that one selected the flute as it went here and there and afterward separated into short grabs, one saw that there was distress and misery there.†Through this perception, the creator states in his own style and uncover about the cultural conditions and its effect on the regular man, definitively. How the conventional families functionedâ€study Okonkwo’s life for instance! He was an independent man, however he was miserable influenced much by the helpless picture his dad had in the Igbo society. He attempted to conquer that feeling of inadequacy with incredible endeavors, accomplished inimitable success, and delighted in extraordinary notoriety in the town. His physical resources added to his prominence and the wonder and reg ard where the individuals held him. About his physical ability the writer( p.3) composes, â€Å"â€Å"It was this man Okonkwo tossed in a battle which the elderly people men concurred was one of the fiercest since the author of their town drew in a feeling of the wild for seven days and seven nights.† His displeasure held onto his character and he lost command over his ordinary discourse and wore a savage state of mind. The job of the notions in the life of individuals contacted incredible statures. Regardless of whether the individual attributes ruled the notions, or the notions added to the arrangement of the individual qualities was a troublesome inquiry to reply. Both coincided and applied shared impact. With respect to Okonkwo, it was established in his family. The creator sees that he experienced such a feeling of inadequacy, about likeness to his dad, which he thought was an indication of backwardness. Each segment of the general public, men ladies and youngsters had some notion or the other to hold tight, and their birthplace was hard to follow. The premise of their continuation was confidence, with no persuading legitimate clarifications. The creator refers to one such model, among the womenfolk. Adoring the trees was regular with them and they accepted that the tree was the residence of good youngsters holding back to be conceived and they sat under the shades of the trees. Expansionism affected the social customs of Igbo clan in a major manner and it was a very much arranged

Compare and contrast the idealism of Lenin and woodrow Wilson in terms Essay

Thoroughly analyze the optimism of Lenin and woodrow Wilson as far as how they considered and attempted to actualize a superior world - Essay Example Both these pioneers had distinctive vision relating to changes empowering the development of a superior society and a superior world. An inside and out investigation of their vision would plan a rich near examination joining the two separate parts of the world into one philosophical and hypothetical unit. There is no uncertainty upon the way that by the end long stretches of the Cold war time, Vladimir Lenin and Woodrow Wilson rose as the two incredible progressive and political pioneers of the world enamoring and controlling the world’s two most remarkable squares. Both the pioneers were distinguishingly extraordinary both in their methods and in their closures. The ideological distinction of Wilson and Lenin was in reality about the developing contrast among advancement and upheaval. It was a conflict among progressivism and socialism. The natural manner of thinking from the Burke’s way of thinking on one hand and the hopeful point of view from the Marxian way of thinking turned out to be extremely apparent in their belief systems. Wilson’s vision in regards to the definition of a superior world was through the satisfaction of the dynamic history. What's more, much in opposition to it, Lenin saw it as a change, an age that is very basic in nature uncertain of a degeneration of a more established request and sign of a savage future. Lenin attempted to execute a talk relating to dynamic unrest which he characterizes as inescapable throughout the entire existence of the battle of humankind. Now, the dispute of Wilson was not the same as that of Lenin. He saw it as totalitarian crashing of common sacred turn of events. In their belief system and world vision, the domain where Wilson indicated his quiet and balance, Lenin showed his animosity and brutality. Numerous American residents put their artless feelings towards Lenin and much in spite of it; Bolsheviks completely showed their doubt towards Wilson and his Treaty of Versailles.

The Myth of Bermuda Triangle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Myth of Bermuda Triangle - Essay Example As the paper diagrams, no US government document has recognized the area of Bermuda Triangle or so far as that is concerned, the Board of Geographic Names; still the name is equal with the puzzle as various boats have vanished, as is acclaimed without giving any rationale behind their vanishing. Let’s center around the topographical situating of the Bermuda Triangle, which is viewed as off the Southeastern bank of the United States in the Atlantic Ocean, with its vertices contacting Bermuda, Miami, Florida, and San Juan, Puerto Rico, generally grounded in 500,000 square miles (Obringer, 2012). The descriptive word ‘Devil’ was related with Bermuda in light of the fact that once Bermuda was called, â€Å"the Isle of Devils.† It is on the grounds that the reefs encompassing the zone are very precarious to the cruising ships, bringing about the destruction of cruising ships. An item turns into a puzzle when the rationale behind extra-conventional occurring clos e to that article isn't cross-checked, and bits of gossip take a round trip, in this way, causing individuals to have confidence in the truth of such bits of gossip. The equivalent is the situation with the Bermuda Triangle where, it is expressed that ships as well as vanish while drifting over the baffling area, called Bermuda Triangle. As a matter of fact, reports of sinking ships have not been confirmed by some administration body, for example, the U.S. Coast Guard, which discovers nothing specific in the quantity of boats meeting with mishaps in the district. It appears that the media have utilized the occurrences of missing boats as a ploy or modest publicity to help their magazines’ deal. A more profound examination of the past happenings persuades that creative mind was permitted to shudder its wings noticeable all around uninhibitedly, as no genuine endeavor was made to end the purposeful publicity. Boat mishaps encompassing the Bermuda area have been connected to out sider kidnappings or goliath octopus, however look into on marine mishaps by Norman Hooke for Lloyd’s Maritime Information Services dismisses the presence of any such puzzle over the Bermuda Triangle. Any mishaps caused were identified with terrible climate conditions as it were. Further research has likewise demonstrated that some significant losses had occurred, yet these happened far away from the expressed Bermuda Triangle (Obringer, 2012). The logical proof dependent on PC helped research of sea floor uncovering that gigantic methane gas blasts had been occurring under the ocean bed, explicitly over the Bermuda Triangle area appear to be all the more persuading, yet more proof is required to have confidence in the logical hypothesis of the abrupt emission of methane gas as a uber bubble, overwhelming boats as well as anticipating upward noticeable all around, additionally inundating planes (Cat, 2010). The logical base of the methane gas bubble is that when a boat comes in the contact of the methane super air pocket, the boat gets without all lightness and goes sinking to the base of the sea. On the off chance that the periphery of the air pockets is sufficiently huge and it is adequate in thickness, the methane air pocket can likewise drive an airplane to jump to the base of the ocean without making a framework alert? The potential clarifications that airplane overwhelmed in the methane bubble stops the motor, and-maybe kindles the methane around, causing moment loss of flight, as the plane jumps into the sea. The logical clarification of the secret encompassing Bermuda Triangle is by all accounts far fetched without any solid reports of boats and planes nearly inundated by such a bubble.â

Critical Pedagogy movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Basic Pedagogy development - Essay Example Basic instructional method is comprehensive of the connections present between the lessons and learning crews, with advocates being of the sentiment that the procedure, being constant impactsly affects understudies by and large. This is particularly so to understudies, whom as indicated by the advocates of the development, truly have, and still are disappointed with â€Å"traditional schooling†; the effects being significantly more prominent (Torill, 2005, p 76). The grandiose cases, through â€Å"opaque prose†, by Giroux; this as per (John 1990, p 28), exemplified Giroux’s extreme objective, which was to make radical legislative issues in this manner featuring the current contestable and opposing political and good grounds that eventually establish some portion of the essential goals relating to citizenship and open intelligence. Eventually, the pressures among dynamic and customary instruction radiate from the different changing good points of view as to sorting what is â€Å"right† or â€Å"wrong† (John 1990, p 56). As a suggestion, the assessment of crafted by the debut logician of basic teaching method; Paulo Freire, is energized before leaving on any examination. Paulo Freire, who at first centered around grown-up proficiency extends in the South American province of Brazil, would later on end up to manage a scope of instructive and social issues. His way of thinking rotated around hostile to tyrant assessmen ts and the intuitive methodology in the assessment of issues; this according to the social force for laborers and understudies. Utilization of the essential objective that put together its reality with respect to the social and political scrutinizes of regular day to day existence was the focal topic in this educational program, with his instructive strategy an epitomizing a showing philosophy as well as a commendable way of life in educative practice. It required the execution of a horde of instructive practices and procedures, with the

Key Challenge Created By Contemporary Employee Relations Issues Essay

Key Challenge Created By Contemporary Employee Relations Issues - Essay Example The idea is characterized as the business worker relationship in which the representative work under explicit task terms with workers of same as well as various associations, where duties as to exhibitions just as for wellbeing and security of the worker are not characterized in clear way or circumstances where â€Å"organisations other than the employer† are included (Rollinson and Dundon, 2007, p.4; Edwards, 2003, p.1). Representative relationship and business associations: According to Budd and Bhave (2006), worker relations were recently known as mechanical relations and presently alluded as HR. It is a multidisciplinary field of study covering the various elements of work and business affiliations. Anyway â€Å"understanding the business relationship, corporate human asset the executives rehearses, worker's organization procedures and business related open approaches and laws requires seeing how esteems and presumptions structure the belief systems and edges of reference utilized by researchers, specialists, and policymakers† (Budd and Bhave, 2006, p.5-1). Workers are considered as the most basic piece of the business relationship. There are different hypotheses which portray the relationship between the supervisor and the worker. The pluralist viewpoint portrays the way that various qualities just as suppositions under the worker relations are profoundly noteworthy. A prideful person point of view uncovers the way that when individuals respect the way that superbly serious work markets are ideal, at that point worker's guilds and diverse government guidelines become adverse to representatives. A unitarist point of view accept that representative relations are not should have been characterized when workers and boss have similar interests in the business space. Again as per a basic viewpoint these relations are viewed as inadequate when one individual perspectives that work relationship speaks to imbalanced force relations which are inserted in more significant level of social just as political disparities (Budd and Bhave, 2006, pp.5-1-5-2). There are different angles which a worker might want to get from his work. One of the most significant prerequisites is endurance and pay which is produced from working under manager. Individuals work with the end goal of endurance. Old individuals utilized fundamental devices made off stones to butcher creatures and to slice kindling just as to construct essential safe houses for themselves practically 2.5 million years back. In present day social orders, compensation salary and wages speak to methods for buying fundamental items and administrations or to fulfill essential requirements forever. Adam Smith (1776) just as Karl Marx (1844) have conjectured that pay and wages for normal workers would tumble to the level that will be steady just to help resource level of utilization, so people would wind up working for basically endurance as it were. Alongside pay achievement for more s ignificant level of value and more noteworthy voice is likewise required by representatives (Budd and Bhave, 2006, 5-5-5-6). As indicated by Budd and Bhave, (2006) specialists in human asset the board and therapists managing corporate or industry related issues regularly opine that equity is a significant part of business. Adam’s value hypothesis is relevant in this setting to such angles. At the point when a worker begins feeling that he is made to work more than others for a similar compensation, they are more than liable to diminish work endeavors. Equity and

9 things I wish I had known before freshman year

9 things I wish I had known before freshman year Lets face it: none of us are getting younger. In fact, Im getting older at the astonishing rate of one (1) year per annum, which means that in a few centuries I might even be dead.  Dead. I was reminded of this sobering fact the other day when I looked at my MIT blogger profile and noticed several inaccuracies: (1) Im no longer 18 (Im actually 56 now, with a long flowing white beard), (2) mechanical engineering has replaced biology as the love of my life, and (3) soon I wont be one of the new kids on the block. In fact, Ill be a full-fledged crusty sophomore as soon as the first 2017s step on campus. (Thankfully, Im still an Oxford comma advocate.  Gotta stick to some principles in life.) And so I decided it was time to write another blog post. What would present-day-56-year-old Michael tell 18-year-old Michael? Do your psets, and stop telling yourself that this psets only worth 1.5% of my grade anyway… Those percents add up not just in the homework component of your grade, but also in the knowledge tested on exams.  You cant expect to skate by on exams simply by studying and putting in the minimum amount of work on homework anymore psets are essential for learning concepts and ways of thinking. Your desire to skip classes increases exponentially the more you skip class. Youre paying for your education anyway why would you skip? Itd be like sleeping on the street when youve already booked a hotel room. A $55K per year hotel room.  Of course, sometimes you cant help missing class because youre sleeping off that massive sugar rush you got from downing gallons of root beer the previous night. Just limit these instances. (Try to) wake up at the same time every day, regardless of when your first class is. Its just easier than seesawing between waking up at 9am and 11am depending on whether its Monday or Thursday, etc. The MIT environment is far from cutthroat, but that doesnt change the fact that you will be competing with your peers for the same jobs. Think carefully about how you will distinguish yourself from everyone else. UROPs, MISTI, career fairs MIT offers a lot of resources, but you have to take the initiative. Dont be afraid to change your mind. Its great to have a sense of what direction you want to go in, but dont let that wall you off from trying other paths. I came into MIT planning on being Course 6-7 (Computer Science and Molecular Biology). After doing a cancer research UROP at the Koch Institute and taking 2.00B (Toy Product Design), I decided mechanical engineering was more my thing. Work out! Youre already paying for a gym membership with your tuition, so you might as well take advantage of the well-equipped Z Center. Benefit of going to a nerd school: the gyms rarely too crowded. Sleep. blah blah blah sleep is for the well-rested student paying attention in class. That being said, pulling an all-nighter every now and then can be good for the soul. Just not before a midterm. Dont buy textbooks until you start actually attending class. In some classes you wont need the book at all (like 7.012); in others, PDFs are easily obtainable online, not that Id condone illegal things.  Useful bit of Google-fu: searching for title of book filetype:pdf (without the quotes) limits results to PDF files.  For example: hyperloop filetype:pdf. And, of course, as with all things: 9. Your mileage will vary. None of the above are universal rules. Pass/No Record is a time to find out what works for you. Bonus tip: I dont usually listen to music when I study, because I find most music distracting.  But research shows that moderate levels of ambient noise enhance creative performance.  Coffitivity is a favorite website of mine that re-creates the sensation of being in a coffee shop.  For menial tasks, Ive  found heavily-electronic tracks like the  Tron soundtrack to be very good background music.

Government And The Role Of Media - Free Essay Example

Government and the Media The media has played a very important role in providing people with information. It has been one of the most important bodies in democracies. Currently, the media has become a phenomenal part of the society as it plays a very important part in providing people with information concerning many different things. Societies today depend on media to gain understanding of the economy, politics, security, social functions and other happenings around the world. The media is a complex field and the inception of social media in the recent past has further complicated things. Understanding the roles of media and the freedoms provided to the media by the government. Responsibilities of Media in a Democracy Media plays a very big role in a democracy. Some of the major responsibilities played by the media include informing the society on what is happening in the democracy and all over the world. The media helps people to understand the democratic events as well as informing people on the democratic choices, as stated by Okigbo and Goran (38). Provoking public debates, is another very important role of the media. Today, the media is a big player in clarifying complex issues. Information is the force propelling economic advancements as well as all events in the global field.   The media provides people with a lot of information concerning different happenings in a democracy including uncovering abuses, and pressures the governments and the concerned stakeholders to take steps towards rectifying the issues (NATO 1998). Also, alerting and mobilizing the public opinion to humanitarian causes and injustices, allowing political pluralism to express itself through advertisement of different vi ews and ideologies to various issues, and keeping politicians aware about the public opinion are some other responsibilities of the media. It also ensures that the politicians are offered a platform to explain their policies and decisions, in order to create the necessary support. Media ensures that facts are separated from opinions and individual viewpoints.   Before reporting on anything, checking sources of information is very important and that is a role which the media should accomplish.   Media also works towards setting the political agenda, in a way that does not trivialize or sensationalize the issues. The media is responsible for publishing corrections about any erroneously published report, and it also works towards preserving state secrets, protecting information which may be used to harm a nations security. Challenges Facing American Media The American media faces numerous challenges in its bid to fulfill its democratic responsibilities. Some of the challenges include poor quality of coverage.   Coverage of news has remained to be a big issue facing the media. Currently, the profits of many media houses have started to reduce at a high rate. The reduction has led to an increase in the economic pressure imposed on the media (Sunstein 2018). Media houses do not operate for charity and therefore, making profits is very important. With the economic difficulties which have affected many markets in the recent past, the media has also suffered. The media has the role of informing the public as well as making money for the investors. Balancing these two roles is a great challenge. Additionally, political pressure, lack of goodwill by the politicians and poor political environment for the media to operate freely have always been affecting the operations of the media.   Other major issues affecting the media include credibility or public trust, the media environment, as well as ethics and standards. When public trust is affected negatively, the media cannot operate well. The media environment has not fully embraced free reporting. This provides major issues for the media during the process of trying to work on their responsibilities. Role of the Government The government has been phenomenal in helping the media to play its democratic role and fulfill its responsibilities. Through protecting the right of the media through advocating for free press and improving the environment in which the media works, the American government has been phenomenal in improving the operations of the media. In the recent decades, many things have happened in a way to show that democracy is two-way traffic. Implementations of the required institutions is not the only requirement in the media field. The accountability of the government is essential in the process of providing a good environment for the media (Voltmer n.d.). While there remains to be various major challenges, the government has made huge strides in making sure that the media operates in the best manner. Governments Regulation of the Different Kinds of Media With the insurgence of social media, the federal government is required to ensure that operations go smoothly. It is important for the government to ensure that the news the public is fed with, is factual and that no unverified information is transmitted to the people. Additionally, people should not be provided with negative information. The government has to ensure that it protects the country and its peoples safety. Therefore, it is important to make sure that the media does not disclose information which may be harmful to the safety of the people. In case media houses violate any public decency standards, the FCC will act on them. The government also regulates the ownership of media outlets in order to ensure that the information people are provided with is accurate and it is consistent with the regulations and standards set by the FCC. Telecommunications Act of 1996 The 1996 Telecommunications Act has had a major impact on the communication. FCC rules changed a lot in the process of improving accountability. It is true that through the Act, the freedoms of broadcasters have increased significantly. It has continued to provide new possibilities to the broadcasters. It helps in minimizing unnecessary oversight rules. The Act provides that the FCC has to create a rating system, to control the broadcasting of sexual or any indecent content. Television sets should also incorporate a blocking device ( Messere n.d.). The other important regulation is to ensure that minors are not exposed to objectionable material.

I Attended The Stars At Night Concert - 1799 Words

On November 1st at 7 pm, I attended the Stars at Night concert series performed by Texas State University’s jazz ensemble in San Marcos, Texas. They had Steve Houghton as their guest artist. I was excited to attend because I had yet to see the inside of the new performing arts center or go to a live jazz performance. A jazz ensemble typically consists of 5 saxophones, 4 trumpets, 4 trombones, and a rhythm section (consisting of piano, bass, guitar, and drums). Vibraphones, clarinets, and violins are sometimes added to jazz ensembles to add variation to the timbre of the musical group, but the ensemble I attended did not have those extra instruments added to it. The jazz music ensemble played a total of 8 pieces from several different composers. One piece that stuck out to me in particular was the song, â€Å"Jazz Crimes† composed by Joshua Redman but performed by Steve Houghton. What attracted me to this song was the prestissimo tempo. It was not hard to pick up on to the fast beat, do to the fact that the artists were tapping their feet at a very high rate. I noticed that there were many solos throughout the entire piece, leading me to believe that the song could be classified as a sonata. â€Å"Jazz Crimes† has a concert overture because, it does not precede a larger piece of music. â€Å"Blues for Stephanie† by John Clayton was another piece that really drew in my attention. Throughout the piece a sense of emotional instability was portrayed by the constant change in intensity of theShow MoreRelatedThe Concert At The Meyer Theater858 Words   |  4 PagesOn Wednesday, February seventeenth, I had the pleasure of attending Noteworthy’s concert at the Meyer-Mclean Theater. Noteworthy is an a capella group from Brigham Young University, and is composed entirely of female students. Though only one of the girls is a music major, all share an incredible love of music, and it showed in their thoughtful, energetic performance. Rather than having a theme for their concert, the nine singers of Noteworthy performed a wide variety of songs from different erasRead MoreThe Concert Series Fall 20151664 Words   |  7 PagesThe concert in which I will be reviewing in this essay is the Department of Fine Arts and The Faulty of Arts and Science Presents The Mallery Concert Series Fall 2015 in the Mallery Room on November 4, 2015 at 12:15pm. This concert series lasted for an hour long. It started at 12:15 pm and it finished approximately at 1:15pm. In the series there were 21 pieces in which were performed. The names of the pieces were called â€Å"Das Veilchen (The Violent)† by W.A. Mozart. â€Å"O Solitude!† by Henry PurcellRead MoreThe Performance Of Classical Music1749 Words   |  7 Pagesperformance I went was definitely very different from how the music would’ve been played when the composers first wrote them. 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When I say this is it, it really means this is it.† (M. Jackson, MTV,2009) The world went into meltdown and ticket sales were setting new records. The demand was so high, a 10-night residency show turned into 50 between 2009Read MoreEssay on Frank Sinatra995 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Legendquot; by Randy Tarabelli, I learned a lot about this American legend. Francis Albert Sinatra was born on Dec.12th,1915 in Hoboken, New Jersey. His parents were Italian immigrants and he grew up poor in the streets of Hoboken. Those tough early years made him all the more determined to work hard and make something of his life. He was a very ambitious person. Since he was a little boy he loved to sing. In his teen years he attended a Bing Crosby concert and that is when he decided that heRead MoreEssay The Elvis Craze864 Words   |  4 Pagespublic made Elvis Presley larger than life, better known than Jimi Hendrix, John Lennon and in some cases God Himself. I cannot quite understand the Elvis craze. I dont think he was a handsome man, I dont enjoy his music, I wont waste my time trying to sit through one of his boring, talentless movies, and if, God forbid, I end up on my deathbed with some horrible, incurable disease, I certainly wont make a pilgrimage to Graceland to be miraculously healed. Jack Gould conveyed some of my feeling inRead MoreWhat Really Is Sexual Harassment?1281 Words   |  6 Pagesego from there coaches who support harassing behaviors. Back in the day many coaches and athletic departments backed up their players in any situation whether it’s minor or major. Usually the reason for this is because they do not want to lose their star players in games, practices and etc. The NCAA is taking action in today’s society and now having college athletes take a prevention classes on sexual harassment to help cure this problem. In the Maryland Law Review it states, â€Å" For students who areRead MoreSixties Music and How it Reflected the Changing Times Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pageslet your mind go and let yourself be free, ooh freedom, freedom, I said freedom† (Szatmary 1996). Within forty-eight hours after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. one hundred and thirty cities were scared by arson (Schlesinger 1968). However in Bosto n James Brown in a televised concert pleaded for a stop to the violence. He said â€Å"we are black, now are we together or are we aint†, no rioting took place in Boston that night (VH1 200). Motown music was a great supporter for the Civil Rights

The New Public Management Approach to Regulations - 626 Words

Laws, laws, laws, are something that America has strived to uphold over the years in order to be successful. That will be the first subject of our questions today. I will give insight to whether NPM can coincide in a regulatory environment where legal and political approaches are often controlling. In order to answer this question, we must first look at what actually foster’s the regulatory environment. Since the origins of regulations here in America, I believe federal organizations have had the very best intentions. During the industrial revolution, America was dramatically changed forever. From an economical and technological standpoint, we would never interact the same way again. The text illustrates a fantastic point about agriculture stating, â€Å"We depend upon farmers and food handlers; however, we do not personally know these individuals.† (Rosenbloom) During the Industrial Revolution, markets just became too unpredictable; therefore, the federal government decided to step in to become that third party â€Å"watch dog.† Personally, it is only fair that a third party looks out for our safety. Most of the time we think of federal regulation as product safety, however, it is much more than that. Government regulations are involved in several different sectors, including: market failure, environmental protection, employment regulation, administration of regulatio n, political patterns, majoritarian politics, interest group politics, client politics, entrepreneurial politics, andShow MoreRelatedThe Public Company Accounting Oversight1009 Words   |  5 Pageshowever, some of its main points include (Ball, 2009): †¢ Creation of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board which regulates the public accounting/auditing industry †¢ Requires CEO’s and CFO’s to certify the financial statements are free of material misstatements and fairly represent the company’s financial position †¢ Requires a strong and independent audit committee which is to oversee the audit instead of management †¢ Places limitations on the provision non-audit services by a firm responsibleRead MoreArgumentative Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages Regulation: Word Count: 1195 Table of Contents: Page 1.0 Argument in favour of tight accounting regulation: 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 The agency problem 3 1.3 Comparability of financial statements 3 1.4 Auditing 4 1.5 Auditor’s independence concerns 4 1.6 Credibility of financial reporting 4 1.7 Conclusion 5 2.0 Argument in favour of â€Å"Free market† regulation: 2.1 IntroductionRead MoreThe Policy Innovation Process Within The Australian Public Services1557 Words   |  7 PagesThis question aims to identify the major obstacles to the policy innovation process within the Australian public services. 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However, despite the employment of SCM as a strategic tool, public procurement still faces enormous predicaments. These include, among others lack of proper knowledge, skills and capacity, non-compliance with SCM policy and regulations, inadequate planning and the linking of demand to the budget, accountability, fraudRead MoreOrganizational Theory Of Organizational Management1488 Words   |  6 Pagesformal concepts such as bureaucracy, rationalization and scientific management. Although, over the dec ades organizational management has taken on a more human relations approach to getting more productivity out of employees, it is contributors like Max Webber, Fredrick Taylor, and Luther Gulick that laid down the basic foundation organizational theories by recognizing the need for control and procedures. 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These scientificRead MoreMy Understanding of the Public Sector and Public Service Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pagespaper discusses my understanding of public sector prior to entering CSULA’s Masters of Science in Public Administration program (MSPA), by examining the unique circumstances involved in administering public organizations while studying different techniques of public management. The courses in the program fulfilled my understanding of public sector, and how I perceive the profession of public service now that I have completed the MSPA program. My Understanding of Public Sector Upon entering the MSPA programRead MoreEnvironmental Risk Assessment931 Words   |  4 PagesWorksheet Name ENV/420 Date Instructor Risk Assessment Worksheet Ecological Risk Assessment Framework The framework of ecological risk assessment consists of a problem statement (formulation), risk analysis, risk characterization, and risk management. A precursor to the problem statement involves a historical account and fundamentals of living organisms, ecological systems, and any substances, whether biological or synthetic, that may be introduced to environmental components. Once evaluated

Using Calculus to Calculate Price Elasticity of Supply

In introductory economics courses, students are taught that elasticities are calculated as ratios of percent changes. Â  Specifically, they are told that price elasticity of supply is equal to the percent change in quantity supposed divided by the percent change in price. While this is a helpful measure, it is an approximation to some degree, and it calculates what can (roughly) be thought of as an average elasticity over a range of prices and quantities. To calculate a more exact measure of elasticity at a particular point on a supply or demand curve, we need to think about infinitesimally small changes in price and, as a result, incorporate mathematical derivatives into our elasticity formulas. Â  to see how this is done, lets take a look at an example. An Example Suppose youre given the following question: Demand is Q 100 - 3C - 4C2, where Q is the amount of the good supplied, and C is the production cost of the good. What is the price elasticity of supply when our per unit cost is $2? We saw that we can calculate any elasticity by the formula: Elasticity of Z with respect to Y (dZ / dY)*(Y/Z) In the case of price elasticity of supply, we are interested in the elasticity of quantity supplied with respect to our unit cost C. Thus we can use the following equation: Price elasticity of supply (dQ / dC)*(C/Q) In order to use this equation, we must have quantity alone on the left-hand side, and the right-hand side be some function of cost. That is the case in our demand equation of Q 400 - 3C - 2C2. Thus we differentiate with respect to C and get: dQ/dC -3-4C So we substitute dQ/dC -3-4C and Q 400 - 3C - 2C2 into our price elasticity of supply equation: Price elasticity of supply (dQ / dC)*(C/Q)Price elasticity of supply (-3-4C)*(C/(400 - 3C - 2C2)) Were interested in finding what the price elasticity of supply is at C 2, so we substitute these into our price elasticity of supply equation: Price elasticity of supply (-3-4C)*(C/(100 - 3C - 2C2))Price elasticity of supply (-3-8)*(2/(100 - 6 - 8))Price elasticity of supply (-11)*(2/(100 - 6 - 8))Price elasticity of supply (-11)*(2/86)Price elasticity of supply -0.256 Thus our price elasticity of supply is -0.256. Since it is less than 1 in absolute terms, we say that goods are substitutes. Other Price Elasticity Equations Using Calculus To Calculate Price Elasticity of DemandUsing Calculus To Calculate Income Elasticity of DemandUsing Calculus To Calculate Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand

Essay about Egyptian Pyramids Architecture - 1270 Words

CONTENTS: - INTRODUCTION - BACKGROUND OF ANCIENT EGYPT PYRAMIDS - THE STEP PYRAMID of Pharaoh Djoser - THE GREAT PYRAMID of Pharaoh Khufu - CONCLUSION - BIBLIOGRAPHY FOOTNOTES This essay focuses on two different types of pyramids; the Step pyramid which was the first pyramid and the Great pyramid, which was the largest pyramid built in Egypt. The essay investigates the meaning of the selected forms for the Egyptian culture and explains their dialog with the cosmos. The architecture of ancient Egypt is one of the most important civilizations in history, which developed of different structures and great architectural monuments along the River Nile. The Egypt pyramids were constructed for the pharaoh, as a tomb. Their†¦show more content†¦Then he achieved building the first pyramid by placing large series of stone on top of each other. Arnold states, ‘’From the earliest 3rd dynasty step pyramids in Egypt that they were built with accreditation walls or layers’’. [3] ‘’The accreditation layers were sloped inside at an angle. It was probably done to provide structural durability. Each part of the pyramid between two steps is referred to as a mastaba. Each accreditation wall or layer shaped one step of the step pyramid and defined the base of the next mastaba by reducing the height of the wall layer by layer.’’ [3] Intended to hold his mummified body, Pharaoh Djosers Step Pyramid at Saqqara began as a traditional, flat-roofed mastaba. But by the end of his 19-year reign, in 2611 B.C.E, it had risen to six stepped layers and stood 62 meters high. It was the largest building of its time. Extensive use of stone, wood, reeds, or other materials made the tomb more durable than its mud-brick structure. The Step Pyramid complex was enclosed by a 10 meters wall and included courtyards, temples, and chapels covering nearly 40 acres (16 hectares) the size of a large town in the third millennium B.C. As in earlier mastaba tombs, the Step Pyramids burial chambers were underground, hidden in a maze of tunnels. However the tomb was stolen, and only left from the third king of Egypts 3rd dynasty, Djoser is his mummified left foot. The StepShow MoreRelatedAncient Egyptian Pyramids Architecture1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ancient Egyptian pyramids are engineering marvels that continue to astonish both past and modern day historians and scholars with its incredible architectural feats. Behind the magnificent creations was a group that employed their knowledge of advanced mathematics and building techniques to create such an impressive subject of wonder. The mystery involving the work needed physically to produce this structural behemoth remains a popular topic of discussion between historians and engineers whoRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza930 Words   |  4 Pagesand mysterious feats of architecture ever assembled, The Great Pyramid. Located approximately 5 miles west of the Nile River near the city of Cairo, Egypt, The Great Pyramid is part of a larger complex called the Giza Necropolis, which also houses the Great Sphinx, and two smaller pyramids. It is said to have been built by the enslaved citizens of Khufu, second ruler of the 4th dynasty, and son of Snefru. Although archaeologists have since disproved that theory. The pyramids are said to have been builtRead MoreThe Cryptic Secrets Of Egyptian Pyramids1719 Words   |  7 PagesSecrets of Egyptian Pyramids The pyramid-shaped masonry architectures are called Pyramids, and there are eighty of them known as ancient Egyptian Pyramids. The Egyptian Pyramids are the products of a slavery country, but they are also the great accomplishments of ancient people. Since the first discovery of the Egyptian Pyramids, many scientists have been dedicated in ancient Egypt study. After years of researching on the earliest Egyptian Pyramid, Pyramid of Djoser, and the most famous Egyptian PyramidRead MoreThe Mysteries of the Construction of Pyramids in Egypt571 Words   |  2 Pagesworld has always been how the great pyramids of Egypt were built. It was a long time ago, long before we had bulldozers, cranes and all that heavy-duty equipment. This leads some groups of people to believe that because Egyptians were â€Å"primitive†, there is no way they could have done all the work themselves. Thus the most logical explanation as to who could have helped our helpless Egyptians had to be aliens. Alie ns had traveled from afar to build these giant pyramids for whatever reason. (1) The immenseRead MoreComparing Mexicos Pyramids to Egypts3404 Words   |  14 PagesThe more than 100 pyramids that punctuate the west bank of the Nile have intrigued mankind for millennia. Numerous articles and books have discussed the pyramids of Egypt and the wondrous tombs, sculpture, jewelry, and artwork they secreted. However, pyramids are found in various locations in the world beyond EgyptÂâ€"most notably in South America, Mesoamerica, Mesopotamia, India, and Cambodia. Is it possible that the ancient civilizations of Central America and South America, as an example, somehowRead MoreThe Great Pyramids of Giza are located in northern part of Egypt right besides the Nile River. The700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Pyramids of Giza are located in northern part of Egypt right besides the Nile River. The oldest and major â€Å"is the only surviving structure out of the famed seven wonders of the ancient world.† The other wonders are: The Colossus of Rhodes, The Statue o f Zeus at Olympia, The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, and The Lighthouse of Alexandria. 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From the Greeks to the Romans to the people of today, Egyptians and their beautiful representations in art and architecture have proven a legacy in the creations of certain landmarks, statues, and even advertisements. The Greeks derived many of their statues from Egyptian sculptures, such as the Kouros 600 B.C. The Roman emperor AugustusRead MoreCreating A Global Treasure Hunt1547 Words   |  7 Pagessurveyor William Gosse on July 19, 1873 in honour of Chief Secretary of South Australia, Sir Henry Ayers. Pyramids of Giza- 29 ºN, 31 ºE Is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in Egypt. Also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was built as a tomb over 10-20 year period At 481 feet, the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years. Eiffel tower- 48 ºN, 2 ºE Eiffel TowerRead MoreThe Pyramids Of Giza Pyramids929 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Great pyramids of Giza. The pyramids of Giza in total are three, these are some of the most famous pyramids in the world and some of the most famous landmarks of Egypt. Growing up I would always think of one day traveling to egypt and climbing to the top. This is why I decided to do my research paper on this work of art and great monument of art history. With this paper I was able to research into detail about; The Great Pyramids of Giza, which include The Pyramid (Pyramid of Khufu)

Why do people migrate Free Essays

Sample Brainstorm and Outline Topic: Why do people tell lies? (a focus-on-causes essay) Brainstorm: Ashamed of the truth Make them look better Don’t want to tell someone the truth if it’s uncomfortable Politicians: want to get votes Children: don’t want to get In trouble Afraid of the consequences of the truth Don’t remember the truth So common for them that it’s habit Don’t realize they’re lying Example: Bill Clinton didn’t want the truth of his affair to come out Example: child with chocolate on face, doesn’t want to get In trouble for eating candy Example: witness In a trial can’t remember what happened b/c he was drunk at the time Example: wife asks: do you think I’m fat? Husband says: of course not because he wants her to be happy Example: someone is dying but family doesn’t want to tell the children because they’ll be scared Outline: l. Introduction a. Lying Is common In all parts of human life b. We will write a custom essay sample on Why do people migrate or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parents Ill to children, children lie to parents c. Everyone believes politicians lie d. People lie for good and bad reasons II. Afraid of the consequences if the truth is known a. Bill Clinton lied about an affair he had while he was President of the U. S. I. He didn’t want to lose his Job n. He TLD want the affair to be talked about more than politics b. A child Is caught eating candy before dinner I. Doesn’t want to get in trouble Also might think the parents don’t really know the truth; maybe he will get away with stealing candy Ill. Don’t want to make the other person uncomfortable a. A wife asks her husband if he thinks she’s fat. He lies and says no. L. He loves his wife and wants her to feel good about herself. II. He wants to convince himself that It’s true also. B. A person cooks a terrible-tasting dinner and asks friends if they liked the food. I. They want to be encouraging to their friend. It. It would be rude to tell the truth. ‘V. Can’t remember the truth . A witness In a trial was drunk when the event happened and doesn’t remember. I. Not trying to lie-?he Just doesn’t remember the truth did you come to work last week? I. Employee forgets that he came later than the normal time it. Employee believes the he is telling the truth V. Conclusion a. People lie for lots of reasons. B. Some people lie to preserve a relationship c. Some people lie because they don’t want to get in trouble d. Other people lie without knowing it-?they think they’re telling the truth e. Lies are not good because they are not true. But sometimes we tell them with good motivation anyway. ‘says. How to cite Why do people migrate, Essays

Lung Cancer Essay Research Paper bibliographyAnku Vincent free essay sample

Lung Cancer Essay, Research Paper bibliography Anku, Vincent. intervention of malignant neoplastic disease. Seattle, Washington: Doubleday and company Inc. , 1986. # 8220 ; Lung, Cancer # 8221 ; . 4 November 1998. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.evnet.com/fnadoc/lung.html. # 8220 ; Adults malignant neoplastic disease aid in the uk # 8221 ; . hypertext transfer protocol: //mdweb. bham.ac.uk/cancerhelp/public/specific/lung /indx.html. # 8220 ; Cancer # 8221 ; . the New Illustrated Medical and Health Encyclopedia. 1959. Laszio, John. Understanding Cancer. New York, New York: Harper and Row. 1984. Holleb, Arthur. Cancer Book. Gardencity, New York: Madrona Publishing Inc. , 1984. Struss, linda. When a parent has malignant neoplastic disease. New York, New York: Rosen Publishing group Inc. , 1988. lineation I. Introduction1 II. Definition1 A ) Different signifiers and types2 B ) How it is categorized 2 III. Different causes of lung cancer2 A ) Causes2 B ) Causes from baccy smoking 2-3 IV. Symptoms3-4 V. Diagnosis 4 VI. Spreading process5 A ) Areas of spreading5 B ) Rate of spreading5 VII. Treatment5 A ) Types of treatment6 1. Surgery6 2. Radiation6 3. Chemotherapy6 B ) Rehabilitation6-7 VIII. How it effects the households 7 VIIII. Decision thesis statement Lung malignant neoplastic disease is a complex disease that randomly chooses its hosts and will perplex the lives of the individuals it infects. Lung Cancer From the minute the physician diagnosing a individual with malignant neoplastic disease, their lives will neer be the same ( Struss,4 ) . Whether or non a individual is one of the malignant neoplastic disease patients for whom intervention is successful. That individual programs are bound to be disturbed in some manner ( holleb,5 ) . Cancer may do convulsion in a household, altering precedences, and changing relationships. at times people even feal as if the disease has wholly taken over their lives. ( struss,4 ) . For some people the instance is that the malignant neoplastic disease may turn and distribute throughout the organic structure, doing them to under travel sometimes a boring intervention procedure. The term malignant neoplastic disease is a Grecian word for crab. Cancer is fundamentally an unnatural growing of malignant cells ( # 8221 ; Adults # 8221 ; ) . These cells are non foreign, but are in fact portion of our organic structures all our lives ( Anku, 7 ) . There are two major types of malignant neoplastic diseases, solid tumour carcinoma and sarcoma. Carcinomas are straight applied to malignant tumours and sarcomas are other major signifiers of malignant neoplastic disease, these include tumours that originate from musculuss, castanetss, or hempen tissues ( Lazio, 64-65 ) . Cancer by itself is non lifelessly until it infects a certain portion of our organic structures. The portion of the organic structure infected is one of the many ways of categorising the malignant neoplastic disease to happen out what type the individual might hold ( Anku,7 ) . 2 Lung malignant neoplastic disease is one peculiar type of malignant neoplastic disease that is more deathly and common than any other. Lung malignant neoplastic disease is defined as being a tumour in the lung dwelling of many mutated malignant neoplastic disease cells ( # 8221 ; Adults # 8221 ; ) . One of the danger factors involved with lung malignant neoplastic disease is that if the malignant neoplastic disease is non caught early enough it may turn out of control because malignant neoplastic disease is malignant. A malignant malignant neoplastic disease is a life threatening, unmanageable growing of organic structure tissue ( # 8221 ; Adults # 8221 ; ) . One of the alone characteristics of lung malignant neoplastic disease is its ability to go and turn in distant parts of the organic structure. This procedure is called metastasis. This particular feature is what distinguishes whether the malignant neoplastic disease is malignant, cancerous, or benign, not cancerous ( Laszio,65 ) . The exact cause of malignant neoplastic disease is unknown but some scientist believe that a individual can be born with unnatural cells, and that these remain quiescent throughout life until some factor get down them turning ( # 8221 ; Cancer # 8221 ; , 294-5 ) . Some known causes of lung malignant neoplastic disease are smoking, environmental jeopardies and air pollution ( # 8221 ; Adults # 8221 ; ) . Chronic annoyance of a certain group of cells may besides take to cancerous alterations ( # 8221 ; Cancer # 8221 ; , 295 ) and some specializers think heredity may be a important factor but a relationship between the two have non yet been established ( # 8221 ; Cancer # 8221 ; , 295 ) . Out of 3 all those causes smoking is a major cause and besides the taking cause of malignant neoplastic disease related decease ( # 8221 ; Lung # 8221 ; ) . Symptoms of early malignant neoplastic disease are frequently hardly noticeable ( # 8221 ; Cancer # 8221 ; , 295 ) . Some symptoms of lung malignant neoplastic disease can be holding a cough most of the clip, a alteration in a cough you have had for a long clip, or being short of breath. Coughing up phlem ( sputm ) with marks of blood in it, an aching or hurting when external respiration or coughing, or losing big sums of weight are some of the more common symptoms of lung malignant neoplastic disease ( # 8221 ; Adults # 8221 ; ) . Aside from some of the more common symptoms, there are some that are less common. These are a gruff voice, trouble in get downing, swelling in the face or cervix, or shortness of breath caused by fluid around the lung ( called pleura gush ) . All of these symptoms can be caused by other diseases besides lung malignant neoplastic disease ( # 8221 ; Adult # 8221 ; ) . Occasionally there are some uneven symptoms of lung malignant neoplastic disease. For illustration, the malignant neoplastic disease cells produce endocrines that get into the blood watercourse. These endocrines can bring forth unusual symptoms that person may non recognize are anything to make with lung malignant neoplastic disease. Symptoms lik vitamin E pins and acerate leafs, numbness in fingers, toes or musculus 4 failing. Besides a individual may acquire drowsy or confused. These symptoms seldom occur but are still possible symptoms of lung malignant neoplastic disease ( # 8221 ; Adult # 8221 ; ) . The diagnosing of lung malignant neoplastic disease is made by looking at cells under a microscope and seeing their features and unnatural form of growing ( Laszio,64 ) . Cancer cells are frequently big and with irregular lineations, and they have unnatural sums of Deoxyribonucleic acid and legion cell divisions ( Laszio,64 ) . Another agency of diagnosing is bronchoscope which is transition of a listed, flexible telescope into the septic bronchial tubing to see and try the unnatural countries ( # 8221 ; Adult # 8221 ; ) . Some of the agencies of sorting malignant neoplastic disease is harmonizing to type of tissue involved, velocity of its growing, and part of the organic structure infected ( # 8221 ; Cancer # 8221 ; , 295 ) . Cancer is a disease characterized by unnatural and frequently unpredictable growing of cells. Cancerous growing are besides disposed to occupy normal healthy tissues which can be destroyed or even replaced by their wild growing. Nervousnesss may besides be infected by the unnatural malignant neoplastic disease cells, doing hemorrhaging, and constructions such as lung tissues, the arterias, or kidneys and vesica, may be obstructed by infiltration of malignant neoplastic disease tissue.. Every portion of the organic structure is susceptible to cancerous growing, through some variety meats, such as tummy, bowl, lung and sexual variety meats, seem more often involved ( # 8221 ; malignant neoplastic disease # 8221 ; , 293 ) . 5 Growth may be rapid or slow but normally is progressive, that is that the malignant neoplastic disease does non halt turning once it begins. Some malignant neoplastic diseases stay in one location and there are some that spread or metastasise throughout the organic structure ( # 8221 ; Cancer # 8221 ; , 294 ) . Cells from the border of a malignant tumour tend to distribute to environing normal countries of the organic structure and replace normal tissue and variety meats, ( # 8221 ; Adult # 8221 ; ) nevertheless, a slow turning malignant neoplastic disease may remain for many old ages within the confines of its point of beginning ( Anku, 9 ) . When the malignant neoplastic disease spreads or metastasizes, the most common agencies of travel is through the blood watercourse. Another agency of distributing is by the lymph system which consists of the lymph channel and the lymph nodes ( # 8221 ; Cancer # 8221 ; , 7 ) . Some of the most common topographic points the malignant neoplastic disease from the lung may metastasise to are the encephalon, the other lung, the liver, the castanetss, and specifically the ribs ( # 8221 ; Adult # 8221 ; ) . Cancer can be cured but an instant remedy has non yet been discovered ( Laszio, 28 ) . Thankss to new drugs and engineering, people are populating with malignant neoplastic disease and can be more active and live a normal life ( Laszio, 30 ) . Some of these finds include radiation and chemotherapy. We besides know surgery has been around for a long clip and major betterments to the utilised processs and techniques are invariably being made ( Anku, 24 ) . 6 Surgery, the oldest and still the figure one method of handling malignant neoplastic disease was until late the lone method of intervention available ( Anku, 24 ) . The two types of surgery are hollow needle biopsy and unfastened biopsy. Hollow needle biopsy is used when the abnormal or cancerous tissue can non be removed wholly. Alternatively, a piece of the tissue is taken for diagnosings and to find the class of farther intervention. Open biopsy is the complete remotion of the cancerous tissue ( # 8221 ; Adult # 8221 ; ) . Radiotherapy or radiation intervention is the usage of X raies, negatrons, or gamma beams to handle malignant neoplastic disease ( # 8221 ; Adult # 8221 ; ) . Radiation inhibits the malignant neoplastic disease cells from spliting or reproducing until the malignant neoplastic disease can be extracted ( # 8221 ; Adult # 8221 ; ) . Chemotherapy, the 3rd type of intervention, disseminates malignant neoplastic disease killing chemicals throughout the organic structure in order these chemicals kill tumour cells wherever they may be, whether in ample balls or in bantam nests of cells that may be seeable merely by the usage of a microscope ( Laszio, 43 ) . While on chemotherapy a patient can go on to take most medicines such as minor tranquillizers, kiping AIDSs, hurting slayers, and pills for high blood force per unit area ( anku,103 ) . If you are diagnosed with lung malignant neoplastic disease there are a few things you can make to assist your organic structure. For illustration you should exert harmonizing to your physicians recommendations, eat regular alimentary repasts, drink plentifulness of fluids, halt smoke 7 if you smoke and get plentifulness of remainder. Sing as you may necessitate to take certain drugs to help you along with your intervention, you may desire to cut back or even halt imbibing intoxicant ( # 8221 ; Adult # 8221 ; ) . Populating with malignant neoplastic disease can be a really hard thing for both the victim and the victims households. Having a parent that has to populate with lung malignant neoplastic disease, I can associate with the people and their households that have to cover with this lay waste toing disease. Most people when told they have malignant neoplastic disease are normally shocked, afraid, and confused. The household of the malignant neoplastic disease patient can be really disquieted and worried that decease may happen ( # 8221 ; Adult # 8221 ; ) . All the stuff you can happen on malignant neoplastic disease will non fix you for this disease, because it is a annihilating and emotional thing to happen out approximately. One can merely trust that this disease doesn # 8217 ; t impact them or person near to them. Thankss to information we can break understand malignant neoplastic disease and learn to forestall it. being knowing about malignant neoplastic disease and its causes is the first elephantine measure to bar, but you besides have to be smart plenty to non set yourself at hazard of acquiring malignant neoplastic disease. 7

Brand Management Strategies - Umbrella Brands free essay sample

Umbrella Brands The 1980s witnessed a revolution in the understanding of the working of the brands. Marketers depict brands as a reflection of customers’ own personalities, so that they can relate to their products well. In fact the distinguishing aspect of the modern marketing has been its focus upon the creation of differentiated brands and using them as weapons for launching multi-level attacks on competition. Market research has been used to help identify and develop bases of brand differentiation. A brand identifies a product and its sources, but it does even more. Along came brand extension. Today brand extension strategies are widely employed because of beliefs that they build and communicate strong brand positioning, enhance awareness and increase profitability. Brands are often extended beyond their original categories to include new product categories. Research has proved that the success of brand extension depends on the transfer of parent brand awareness and associations to the extension. The transfer of these quality perceptions is the key in umbrella branding. An umbrella brand is a brand that covers diverse kinds of products which are more or less related. It applies also to any company that is identified only by its brand and history. It is contrasted with individual branding in which each product in a portfolio is given a unique identity and brand name. Mr. K. R. Senthilvelkumar, a professor at Jansons School of Business offers the most pragmatic of reasons behind an umbrella brand strategy, â€Å"with scarce financial resources, firms cannot afford to allocate huge budgets for building and maintaining several brands†. Nowadays consumers have become quite unpredictable in their newspaper-reading or TV-viewing habits, it is very difficult to assure the reach of messages to the target audiences. The advertiser has to use many broadcast and print media with high frequency to create the desired effect for every brand, which ultimately puts huge burden on the budget. Hence, companies consider it wise to maintain a minimum number of brands in their portfolio so that they can do justice to each by effectively distributing their investment for promotion purpose. Yes, umbrella branding is widely practiced. The Confederation of Indian Industrys second FMCG (fast moving consumer goods) conclave in 2003 almost declared that umbrella branding was the way to go in a competitive market environment. In an interesting anecdote, R S Sodhi, GM Marketing (Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation l), compared the umbrella brand and individual brands to an Indian family, where in umbrella brands like the Indian family, the father is the head, looking over the children. When they grow up and become independent, they hold the umbrella for the family. Individual brands on the other hand are like a western family, who grow up fast and leave the father behind. Amul’s strategy of using â€Å"umbrella branding† has really paid off. Amul’s advertising and marketing spend has never exceeded 1% of its revenues. Most other food companies spend 6-7% of revenues on advertising and marketing. They (GCMMF) are not big spenders compared to Britannia or Nestle. Despite a limited budget, Amul’s creatives—in the form of billboards or the Taste of India campaign—have always managed to evoke a larger-than-life brand feel, consistency and spirit of Indian culture in a contemporary way. Companies phase out the brands which have become redundant and retain one or two umbrella brands for every category with necessary variations under each. For example consumer goods major Reckitt ; Colman India Ltd. chalked out an expansion strategy to introduce 20 new brands in the year 1999-2000. The strategy also involved repositioning its existing brands and consolidating sub-brands under its main umbrella brands Dispirin, Dettol, Harpic and Cherry Blossom. The strategy was designed to vault Reckitt ; Colman, in terms of sales, into the big league. With the launch of new brands and the repositioning of its existing brands, the company aimed to achieve expected sales growth. The strategy worked well as Dettol as an antiseptic lotion provided brand support to Dettol soap, which was re-launched in a fragrant form called Dettol Fresh to take on HLLs Liril. Cherry Blossom acted as a mother brand for several easy-to-use home products. Hindustan Unilever Ltd’s (HUL) beverage brands have been amalgamated under two umbrella brands – Brooke Bond and Lipton and in the fabric wash category, the company has retained only Rin, Surf and Wheel, HUL has withdrawn brands such as Sunlight, 501, Dalda and Nihar; it plans to withdraw some more brands and group them under a few umbrella brands. HUL is currently focusing on 35 power brands. Nivea cosmetics brand has a presence in huge number of product categories and countries. Once upon a time Niveas performance prompted a yahoo. com news article to name it the Queen of Mega Brands. This title was appropriate since the brand was present in over 14 product categories and was available in more than 150 countries. Nivea was reportedly believed to be a brand of local origin having been present in them for many decades. This fact went a long way in helping the brand attain the leadership status in many categories and countries. According to analysts, the brand was the single largest factor for the 4. 4% increase in the companys (Beiersdorf) revenues (â‚ ¬ 4. 74 billion) and 10. 7% increase in after-tax profit (â‚ ¬ 290 million) for the year 2002. Beiersdorf never tried to disturb the umbrella branding of Nivea and got fruitful results. Today as organized retailing is gaining popularity, we can see that popularity of private labels owned by retailers. Retailers do not feel the need to develop many brands for various categories because it is the loyalty towards their store name which draws and retains the customers. Hence it is the umbrella retail store name which will be the brand for various product categories and not individual names for each. Customers prefer these brands over that of manufacturers, due to the fact that they address their functional needs well. The retailers also enjoy high margins for private labels. Today a retail chain like Shopper’s Stop’s 20% apparel section is driven by private labels. There are others like Trent from the TATAs which has developed its business model purely on private labels. From Asian Paints in 2003 to Electrolux, Onida and Airtel in 2004, they have all made a move from individual product branding to umbrella branding. Just a few year ago Bharti Televentures had brand Airtel for mobile services, Touchtel for land line and India One for long distance calls. But with Airtel dominating the groups ad spends, the company figured that the other brands were hardly making their presence felt. The unified licensing regime in December 2003 which means that only one license is required to offer fixed, mobile and other services acted as a catalyst (new Airtel logo/ Airtel outlets). So come September 2004 and the company started selling all its services under one brand name Airtel. It claims that the move not only upped brand visibility but also charged up its distribution network. No doubt, umbrella branding has a number of advantages over individual brands in terms of low promotional costs and easy acceptance in trade but umbrella branding imposes on the brand owner a greater burden to maintain consistent quality and brand equity. If the quality of one product in the brand family is compromised, it could reduce sales of all the others. Single umbrella branding works relatively better for services like telecom; it may not be feasible in cases where there is a lesser degree of cohesion between categories, product values and target customers. So, maintaining a few umbrella brands is better option. For instance, suppose LG, a tech brand as far as Indian consumer is concerned, wants to sell you talc or toothpaste or detergent under that name. Consumers would find it very difficult to say what is transferred value from LG TV sets which they’re now going to put on their skin. Nokia, a moralist for single umbrella branding dropped their single umbrella brand strategy in 2006 in naming it’s products. The company believed it needed to have a look at its competitors’ book. After the roaring success of the Moto RAZR, PEBL, SLVR and ROKR series, the Finnish mobile handset manufacturer felt that consumers found names easy to remember compared to the usual mundane numbers. Even LG launched its popular Chocolate range of phones under the Black Label series. For Nokia, barring few exceptions, numbers have been the only way its phones have been branded so far remember 1100, 2600, 3310, 6020? In 2006 they launched Nokia 8800 Sirocco Edition (a mixture of names and numbers). Nokia introduced this approach to make it easier for customers to navigate across their range of phones. They also launched E-series phones (which serve business users) and N-series (which have multimedia features). While some players say that the naming trend will be restricted to the high-end, feature-led phones(for example- LG is also banking on the name game but in that case it is confined to the high-end range of designer phones), others like Motorola are banking on names irrespective of price slabs. Motorola believes that consumers dont look at these names in an abstract manner and therefore names convey a message to consumers. A few umbrella brands or individual brands? According to experts, independent brands only make sense when the product clearly has a different proposition from the company brand; like Lexus from Toyota and Swatch from Omega. In the case of Asian Paints, there were so many sub-brands, there was a reduction of media weights for advertising each entity. Then, the company shifted to a brand-centric portfolio, which involved a change of logo, product names, packaging and advertising. But the response from the trade and consumers has been positive, overall brand synergy and shop presence have increased, and the advertising is more effective. Most probably in near future the media environment will make it impossible to create newer brand names and the conditions at the consumer level, as well as the environment. So unless the product is clearly different in the mind of the consumer, umbrella branding is the way to go. Umbrella brands are going to rule!

Hamlet - The Real Tragedy Essays - Characters In Hamlet,

Hamlet - The "Real" Tragedy In Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the death of a character becomes a frequent event. Although many people lose their lives as a result of their own self-centered wrong-doing, there are others whose death are a result of manipulation from the royalty. This is the case of Polonius' family. The real tragedy of Hamlet is not that of Hamlet or his family but of Polonius' family because their deaths were not the consequence of sinful actions of their own but rather by their innocent involvement in the schemes of Claudius and Hamlet. The first character to die in Hamlet is Polonius. Although Polonius often acts in a deceitful manner when dealing with Hamlet, it is only because he is carrying out plans devised by the king or queen to discover the nature of Hamlet's madness. Being the king's Lord Chamberlain, it is his duty to obey the king and queen's wishes and it is this loyalty that eventually proves to be fatal for him. An example of hoe Polonius' innocent involvement with the royalty results in his death can be found at the beginning of Act III, scene iv, when Hamlet stabs him while he is hiding behind the arras in Gertude's room. This shows how Polonius, a man unaware of the true nature of the situation he is in, is killed by a member of the royalty during the execution of one of their schemes. This makes Polonius' death a tragedy. The next member of Polonius' family to die is his daughter Ophelia. Ophelia's death is tragic because of her complete innocence in the situation. Some may argue that Polonius deserves his fate because of his deceitfulness in dealing with Hamlet while he is mad, but Ophelia is entirely manipulated and used by Hamlet and the king for their own selfish reasons. An example of how Ophelia is used by Hamlet takes place in Act II, scene I, when Hamlet uses her to convince his family he is mad. Ophelia explains to Polonius how Hamlet has scared her, causing Polonius to draw the conclusion that Hamlet has an "antic disposition". Although this is the subject to interpretation and many believe that this is simply Hamlet taking one last look at Ophelia before he becomes engaged in his plan to kill Claudius, the fact that he scares her and does not try to alleviate these fears points to the conclusion that he is simply using her to help word of his madness spread throughout the kingdom via Polonius. In Act III, scene iv, Hamlet kills Polonius while he is hiding behind the arras in the Queen's room. This event causes Ophelia to become insane and leads to her eventual death in a river near the castle in Act IV, scene vii. It can be seen how the combined scheming of Hamlet's scheme which brings about the death of Polonius which leads to Ophelia's death. The passing of Ophelia is a tragedy because she does nothing deserving of death, she is merely used for other people's personal gain. The last member of Polonius' family to die is Laertes, Ophelia's brother and Polonius's son. Laertes' death is tragic because, although he kills Hamlet, he is avenging his father's death, an act, with reference to the moral climate of the 1600s, that would have been condoned by the people who saw the play. The difference between Hamlet and Laertes is that Laertes does not use others to attain his goals and his revenge is in part due to the pressure put on him by Claudius. This makes Laertes' murder of Hamlet excusable and his death a tragedy. An example of how Claudius uses Laertes to try and murder Hamlet is seen in Act IV, scene vii. Claudius and Laertes are discussing Hamlet when Claudius says: Laertes, was your father dear to you? Or are you like painting of a sorrow, A face without a heart? He is asking Laertes whether he is really sorry about his father's death or if he is just acting mournful without feeling mournful. Claudius uses these lines to lead Laertes into a plan to kill Hamlet, asking him what will he do to prove his

5 Simple Ways to Stay Productive and Reach Success

5 Simple Ways to Stay Productive and Reach Success When things go wrong, or just aren’t moving forward the way we’d like, it’s easy to point fingers. That guy didn’t do what he was supposed to. I was waiting for her to go first. I just didn’t have time. Yet in most cases, the obstacle to our success is pretty clear-cut: it’s us. Here are five ways to  stay productive and succeed.1.  Tackle Your Work ImmediatelyProcrastinating is so easy- it can be hidden under the guise of â€Å"prioritizing.† Human nature being what it is, tasks put off for â€Å"later† will always be theoretical, just out of the reach of the to-do list. Going ahead and doing something, even if it’s not terribly convenient or enjoyable, brings it back to being a tangible achievement. Think how satisfying it’ll be to check it off.2.  Embrace The Possibility of FailureSure, you might fail. Guess what? If you do, the world doesn’t stop. Don’t let your fear of failure or your intim idation dictate your next move, because you will absolutely miss growth and opportunities if you can’t even get started.3. Own  Your IdeasYou had the great idea to begin with, so steer it confidently as you bring it to life. You bring skills and a unique perspective to the table- so even if others are having trouble sharing your vision, that doesn’t mean stop. It means keep moving, adapt if necessary, and know that your instincts are valid. It’s okay to be confident in your abilities.4. Turn Fault Into an OpportunityAnalysis is good, finger-pointing is not. Figuring out how things went wrong should be part of any development process, but find ways to make that a constructive session. Ask how things can be fixed and what specifically you or a colleague can do to improve the result moving forward.5.  Continue Learningâ€Å"I didn’t know† isn’t an excuse†¦it’s a cop-out. If you don’t actively learn from everything going a round you, don’t be surprised if you’re suddenly feeling left behind as others around you grow and change and move forward. Similarly, learning from the past can keep you from making mistakes over and over or getting disappointing results†¦again.The good news is that if you’re blocking your own success, you can also be the hero for removing that obstacle. No super-strength necessary, just a willingness to keep your head up and be proactive.Read More at Lifehack

Content and Language Integrated Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Content and Language Integrated Learning - Essay Example The theoretical framework of CLIL is regarded as a highly innovative accomplishment that is potentially capable of motivating the students from diverse cultural background to engage in various academic activities while keeping the element of rapport and team support in the limelight. All the teaching and learning skills of the teachers are without any meaning if not supported with foreign language mediation, that drastically shifts the whole teaching scenario and creates such a situation in which both the teachers and the students can participate equally (Moate and Sinnemaki). CLIL needs to be incorporated in the academic curricula around the globe because this is a fact that cultural diversity in classrooms is increasing at a rapid pace. When there is mounting cultural diversity in the educational setups, teachers need to teach every subject in the foreign language to maintain neutrality and harmony in the classrooms. In such a situation where there is an increased proportion of var ious foreign students from wholly different cultural backgrounds studying in the same classroom, a standard language needs to be focused and everyone should be made liable to use that very language in and out of classrooms within the schools or colleges. Enhanced motivation and interaction in CLIL classrooms: Beardsmore (cited in Moate 41) says that CLIL leads to more active interaction between teachers and learners while increasing the chances of using the foreign language (English) to understand the non-linguistic content.

India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

India - Research Paper Example Another problem centres on Kashmir, the province with a Muslim majority where India’s neighbour Pakistan supports a separatist movement. So media labs coexist alongside continued outbursts of sectarian violence. This said (March 2002) Shashi Thahoor, 2Indian writer and social critic, ‘is one of the ironies of Indias muddled march into the 21st century.’ Despite all the latest positive developments Thahoor sees India as still ‘shackled to the dogmas of the past.’ According to Cohen (2001, page xiv) ‘New Dehli still finds it difficult to translate economic potential into political and strategic influence.’ In fact there are so many problems that it is feared that the much vaunted Indian tradition of plural development and secular government could be at risk.. Meanwhile, India, already a nuclear power, is pressing for a permanent seat on the U.N. Security Council. At a 2002 United Nations debate on the future of the Security Council,3 A. Gopinathan Indias deputy representative to the U.N, put forward a proposal that the number of countries permanently represented be expanded. The present set up was decided before India even had self government as a country, and reflects the world of the 1940’s rather than the present day situation. It was argued that the present format is both unrepresentative and anachronistic. as quoted by the Press Trust of India in March 2002, and should be revamped to better reflect the increasing importance of India and other emerging nations. India’s sectarian problems are of course nothing new. Although there is an Hindu majority, there are also a number of other religions represented including Muslims, Christians, Jains, Buddhists and Sikhs. Onwards from the year of modern India’s birth in 1947, when more than a million people died , violence has been a common part of Indian life. In February 2002, as reported by Celia Dugger, 458 travellers, including children, were

Health Promotion Interventions For Obesity Health And Social Care Essay

Health Promotion Interventions For Obesity Health And Social Care Essay This chapter presents findings from the articles that matched the inclusion criteria. It will introduce evidence found via literature search described on Chapter 2: Methodology. Therefore, this chapter presents the evidence on the health promotion interventions for obesity in adults with ID; and its effectiveness. It also includes some of the key limitations found by the researcher/s that carried out each of the discussed reviews. The documents reviewed had directly and indirectly the same point: to be designed aiming to reduce and tackle obesity in people with ID. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Furthermore a systematic and an integrative literature review were focused on obesity and people with ID. One systematic review was focused on weight loss interventions for people with ID and was written by Hamilton et  al. (2007). It includes programmes that focus on nutrition, physical activity or health promotion (education). From the research five studies will be presented in this chapter. The other documents reviewed could not be included in this piece of work as Hamilton et al. included the review of five outdated studies, in which three were undertaken in the 1980s. The approaches to the management of obesity for people with ID discussed in the systematic review included behavioural approaches, and surgical interventions including gastric bypass surgery and pharmacological treatment. However, relatively few researchers have examined the effectiveness of weight loss interventions for adults with ID. One paper was an integrative literature review of interventions designed to reduce obesity in people who have ID was written by Jinks et al. (2010). The paper is a review of the effectiveness of non-surgical, non-pharmaceutical interventions designed to promote weight loss in people with ID. It also discusses how qualitative evidence on peoples experiences and motivations can help understanding of the quantitative research outcomes. An integrative review method was used and synthesis of the findings related to study design, participants, and types of interventions, outcome measures and participant perspectives. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, seven of these studies will be presented in this chapter as it met the inclusion criteria of this research. Interventions presented by Jinks et al. (2010) that included as participants people without ID and focused only in adolescents were excluded. The majority of the interventions discussed were focused on energy intake, energy expe nditure or health promotion. Just a small number of studies incorporated behaviour modification approaches. The nine studies to be discussed in this chapter were undertaken in different settings (supported and non-supported living, day centres, group and residential homes). The majority of the researches were undertaken with population from the United Kingdom (three studies) and United States (five studies) with the exception of one study from Taiwan. Sample sizes of the intervention studies varied in numbers of group of 6 to 201 participants. The preponderance of the studies used samples of people who are considerate to have mild to moderate ID. One study (Rimmer et al., 2004) focused only on people with Down syndrome. Most of the groups were of mixed gender, only Bradley (2003) that included only women in the study. The age of the participants that undertook the researches varied a lot. All participants were aged 16 years or older. None of the studies were focused only with elderly participants, although one study had participants of ageing group, meaning individuals older than 32 years of age. A summary of these findings are presented on the next page on Table 4. Table 4. Study description, sample and findings. Study Description Country and Settings Sample Findings Aronow and Hahn (2005) One year multi component intervention US. Non-institutional settings. 201 adults (mild to moderate ID 59% overweight/obese) Health risks = decreased Health strength= increased Bradley (2005) One year nutritional and physical program. UK. Supported living settings. 09 women (mild ID 8 obese) Weight loss 8 of 9 having breakfast regularly Healthy diet=increased Chapman et al. (2005) One year multi-component intervention UK. Day centre. Input group 38 adults (97% overweight/obese) Nor input group 50 adults (64% overweight/obese) Input group=significant weight loss Non input group= Non significant weight loss Mann et al. (2006) 9 week health promotion program. US. Independent and supported living settings. 192 adults (mild to moderate ID) all overweight/obese Highly significant decrease in BMI Marshall et al. (2003) 6 to 8 week health promotion intervention promoting weight loss. Modifies Active materials including information on exercise and healthy eating. UK Day centres. 25 adults with ID (17 overweight/obese) Weight reduced significant Podgorski et al. (2004) 12 week physical activity intervention promoting weight loss. Follow-up of one year. US. Day Centre. 15 older adults (40 80+) (mild to severe ID) 10 overweight/obese Physical fitness scores improved Rimmer et al. (2004) 12 week physical activity intervention promoting weight loss. Fitness program of 3 sessions a week lasting 45 minutes. US. Supported living settings and Group homes. 52 adults with Down Syndrome (69% overweight/obese) Small but not statistically significant weight reduction Sailer et al. (2006) 10 week weight loss program US. Human services centre. 6 adults (mild to moderate ID all obese). Moderate weight reduction Wu et al. (2010) 6 months physical activity intervention promoting weight loss. Fitness program of daily 45 minutes sessions. Taiwan. Disability Institution. 146 adults with ID (47.9% overweight/obese). Decreases in individuals weight The types of intervention of the studies varied from a range of categories. Some studies focused on nutrition (Sailer et al., 2006), physical activity (Rimmer et  al., 2004; Chapman et al., 2005; Wu et al., 2010) and mainly health promotion intervention (Aronow and Hahn, 2005; Marshall et al., 2006). A study included the use of behavioural relapse prevention strategies (Mann et  al. 2006). Another used mainly behavioural approaches and concentrated on teaching self-control techniques and self-monitoring of food intake (Sailer et  al. 2006). The majority included educational programmes planned to increase understanding of the significance of having and keeping a healthy lifestyle. To obtain improved understanding, some of the studies involved activities that were intended to improve participants life skills. These studies included, for example, visits to supermarkets, food preparation and food-tasting sessions (Bradley, 2005), and health fairs and a Shop, Cook and Eat initiative (Chapman et al., 2005).* The types of interventions were a large combination and examples of different interventions tackling obesity. A variety of professionals apart from the researchers were involved in the process and delivery of the interventions. The BMI was the most common outcome used in the studies to diagnose obesity and outcomes. Even though two researches (Podgorski et al.,2004; Sailer et al., 2006) used as measurement the total body weight. Waist measurement (Bradley,2005), cardiovascular Results of studies with weight reducement:

Macro-Environment Analysis of Italy and 12 C Frameworks

Executive summary The assignment starts with an introduction and Macro-environment analysis of Italy and 12 C frameworks. Macro environment is based on economic factors, social cultural forces, political and technological things that affect the organisation inside. It is important for a company to identify the possible political risk s in the country. Political risk is based on changes in the political environment that may have a direct impact on business.The political factors have influence on the tax that the business has to paid, the currency of the country and the business procedures that need to be carried out in order to be able to open a business in Italy. The economic factors are indicative of the economic stability of the country and are based on the GDP, the global rank of doing business, the influence of tourism. The social environment includes the cultural differences between Italy and the US and is based on people behaviour, the capacity to pay and the employment recruit ment process.The report shows that people have changed their habits and life style to lower-cost activities as a result of the recession. The technology factors describe the advantages of using e –marketing. The clothes/apparel market is analysed. This is an important factor as it shows who the main leaders in the market are. Porter Five Forces Module helps to identify the competition based on potential entrants, buyers power, substitutes, suppliers and competitive rivalry. The second part describes the principal challenges that the Italian market presents to the company in selling its products.The third part is about the possible entry module for Forever 21. The entry module is often selected according to the organisational development. The final part is about the marketing mix and the elements that Forever 21 needs to adapt to. List of contents page Executive summary 2 List of contents 3 Introduction 4Geographical area 4 Political factors 4-5 Economic factors 5-6 Soci al environment factors 7 Technologies factors 8-9 Foster five forces 9 Task 2 9-10 Task 3 Module entry 10-11 Task 4 Marketing mix 10-11 Bibliography 12-13 Appendix 1: Starting a business in Italy 14 Appendix 2: Business procedures 14 Appendix 3: Country comparison 14 Graph 1 Europe retail industry segment 2009 14 Graph 2 Italy Apparel industry 15 Appendix 4 Hofsteade module of culture 15 Appendix 5 Advertising media in Italy 16 Introduction Forever 21 is a fashion shop which is aimed at the 16-to 35-year-olds. The target customers are the teenagers and the young adults. The company is specialised in the retailing of clothes, footwear and accessories for women. Forever 21 is looking to open a store in Italy.To be able to do this it needs to analyse the Italian market. The use of macro environment analysis and 12 C framework will help the business decide whether or not to open a store there. Geographical area Italy has an important geo-political location. It is situated in South -Central Europe. To the North it borders with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia, which means easy access in terms of doing business with these countries. It is a member of Europe Union (BBC article country profile 2011). Forever 21 can use ship vessels or air transportation to transfer their products to Italy. Political factors The Prime Minister of the country is Silvio Berlusconi.The current government of Silvio Berlusconi has a majority in Parliament, which makes it possible for him to carry out a number of reform measures and make the main decisions for the country (Data Monitor 2011). Developing close ties with theUS The Italian government has been co-operating with the US in the formulation of defense, security and peace-keeping policies. This shows that these two countries enjoy good relations. This is an advantage for Forever 21 because this company originally came from the US , so that it shouldn’t be a problem for an US Company to open a store in Italy. Curr ency The currency that is used in Italy is the Euro.This mean as that it wouldn’t be difficult for the company to exchange US dollars into Euros because Forever 21 has already had experience in this aspect in Dublin. There are various policies that need to be followed in order to sell apparel in Italy. The foreign investment laws of Italy are similar to those of other EU countries ( Datamonitor 2011). So it shouldn’t be a problem for a foreign company from any of the EU member countries to operate a business there. Taxes VAT is another important factor that any business has to face. VAT is indirect taxation which is collected for the government by the seller who is able to add percentage to the basic price of the product.Italian value-added tax (VAT) is at a standard rate of 20% which is applied on the sales value of all goods (Economic Watch 2011). VAT is payable by all manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and most service and transport businesses. Contractual obliga tion These are the procedures that need to be observed in order to start a business in Italy. The normal commission that needs to be paid is a deposit of 25% of the amounts contributed in cash with a bank. The other thing is to pay a government grant tax to the post Office which costs 310 euro and finally register online with the Register of Enterprises. Appendix 1 shows that Italy is ranked on 68-th place in starting a business.Appendix 2 shows the business procedures, times and days that have to be observed. Economic factors Since 2008, the country has been under the influence of the global recession. The economic record shows a negative growth rate of -1%. The recession has had a negative impact on the country by declining exports and reducing consumer spending. In 2010, the economy showed some signs of recovery based on the GDP growing at a rate of 0. 6 compared to -1% in 2008. In 2011, the economy expects to rise by 1 % ( Datamonitor 2011). Appendix 3 shows that Italy is ranked on 8-th place with relation to GDP. â€Å"The Economy Set to Go from Worse to Bad†. This means the economy doing well, it has managed to recover after the recession.Italy has been playing a significant role in the world economy and is one of the founding members of the EU community. It is the seventh largest economy in the world and the fourth in Europe in terms of GDP, which stood at $1. 11 trillion in 2009 (Datamonitor 2011). This can serve as evidence that the country has a good economic stability. The World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Global Competitiveness Report for 2010/2011 ranked Italy 48th out of 139 countries. As a world seventh largest economy, located within the European Union, there is a strong competition for a market share in all Italian industries and service sectors. This means it could be difficult for Forever 21 to deal with the high competition.The World Bank’s Doing Business Report 2011 ranked Italy 80th out of 183 countries. This shows that the re are good conditions for doing business there. The high ranking includes the legal environment for businesses and the easy way that a business may be formed and operated in the country. Tourim The country’s main economic sectors are tourism, fashion, motor vehicles and food. Tourism is one of the fastest growing and profitable sectors of the country: with 43. 7  million international tourist arrivals and total receipts estimated at $42. 7  billion, Italy is the fourth highest tourism earner and the fifth most visited country in the world (BBC country report 2011). This makes tourism a big contributor to Italy’s economy.This intensive tourism is an advantage for Forever21 because tourists could be some of their customers, taking into consideration that lower-price items are offered by the company. If the company attracts tourists as buyers, this will facilitate its popularity because more people may hear about this brand and thus make it easily recognised around t he world. The Italian economy is separated into a developed industrial North, dominated by private companies and a less developed South. Italy's northern region is the richest and one of the most expensive in Europe, while the southern region is known as the â€Å"Mezzogiorno†, where there is high unemployment. This means it may benefit the company if it opens a store in the southern parts.This will create job opportunities for unemployed people and the costs of operating the business should be less expensive in this area (World Fact Book 2011). It is very important for a business to carefully choose the location because on it will depend how profitable and successful this business can be in future. Comparatively high tax The tax rates in Italy are very high. The local tax rate is 3. 9%, this making the effective tax rate 31. 4% which is higher than the other EU countries where the average is 25. 04% ( Datamonitor 2011). This means that when the company opens a store in Italy it will have to pay higher taxes than in other EU countries. Social and environment factors CultureCulture has an important impact on how effectively the organisation operates and has an important implication as to employee motivation. Culture can differ from business to business. Failures can increase significantly when dealing with people whose values, beliefs, customs and first language are different from your own (Hoecklin 1995). However, if a company can manage amidst different cultural environments, this could lead to innovative business practices faster and provide tangible benefits which can be used competitively. It is important for Forever 21 to identify the cultural differences between the US and Italy in order to be successful with the business. Hofsteade 1995 module helps to analyse the differences based onPower Distance, Long Term Orientation, Individualism, Masculinity and Uncertainty Avoidance. In Appendix 4, it is shown that the US have high rank on Individualism, which means that in a business perspective an organisation is not expected to look after its employees – rather the employees are expected to defend their own interests. Italy has a high rank on Uncertainty avoidance, which means that Italians are less risk-taking people. These are some aspects that are specific for the Italian culture. The official language that is spoken there is Italian. It will be difficult to start a business in Italy if you don’t know the Italian language (Hofsteade1984).According to Lewis analysis, the saying ’’Time is money† is not a popular phrase in Italy. They do not make business decisions quickly, they do take their time. All foreign businesses should be aware of the fact that it could take longer time before they come to a decision. Italy has developed a reputation for producing high quality luxury goods. Fashion and fashion designs are trademarks of Italy. Therefore, in the business world, good clothes are a signature of success (Hofsteade 1984). This is based on consumer behavior analysis. That brand loyalty exists is a fact. This shows that Forever21 clothes may not be very successful in the Italian market.However, the recession has affected the consumer habits, as the Italian economy has been slow to recover and the unemployment rate continued to rise from 6. 2% in 2007 to 8. 4% in 2010. Appendix 3 shows that the country takes the 98-th place in terms of high unemployment and that there is 1. 4% inflation. Opening a store there would create job opportunities. Capacity to pay Italians have adapted their habits and lifestyles to lower-cost activities during the economic downturn, which benefited supermarkets or hypermarkets (The World Fact Book 20110). In 2010, consumers became more price sensitive, in both the grocery and non-grocery channels. This is an example of switching costs, it means consumers are able to transfer their customs to new players.Employment recruitment process Hiring employ ees in Italy must be taken into account before starting a business. You must enter into a contract under the Italian Labor Law and employees enjoy extensive rights. If you buy an existing business, you may be required to take on existing staff who cannot be dismissed, otherwise high redundancy compensation have to be paid. It’s very expensive to hire employees, because, in addition to salaries, you must pay an additional amount of around 50% in social security contributions, 13 and possibly 14 months’ salary, five or six weeks paid annual holiday, plus pay for public holidays, sickness, maternity (Datamonitor 2011).This shows that hiring employees in Italy will be more expensive than in the other EU countries in which Forever 21 has already opened stores. Technologies Internet retailing experienced the highest value growth of all retail channels in 2010. A significant proportion of sales shifted from store-based to Internet retailing. The main underlying reason for thi s was that the Internet is still considered as a low-price retail channel, based on fact that Internet retailing enjoys the lowest travel and transport cost, and allows price comparisons between many competitors (Euromonitor 2010). The benefit of using e-marketing in selling goods and services online allows you to enter the global market and is saving you money in terms of overhead charges (Gaudin 2002).A well designed website with friendly pages may persuade users. Forever 21. com is an example of a well designed web-site. It is divided into various sections, according to the items that the company sells, such as shoes, dresses, featured items, sales, accessories, etc. This makes it easy and quick for customers to find what they are looking for (Forever21). Choices It is important for the company to analyse the clothes market for this will help the business identify how risky it may be to open a store there. The retail industry includes all menswear, women’s wear and childre n wear such as: tops, underwear, coach, jeans, jackets, dresses and skirts for girls.Graph1 shows that Italy holds 17. 4% of the clothes market. This grants the country the second place in Europe in the retail industry, after Germany which has 19. 5%. The European apparel industry is an important economic factor, based on trade, employment, investment and revenue all over the world (Dtamonitor 2010). Concentration – Market value Women’s wear is the largest segment of the apparel retail industry in Italy, accounting for 54. 9% of the market value in comparison with men’s wear, which has 31. 7% ( Datamoninor 2010) – see Graph 2. This means women buy more clothes than men do. This is a good factor for Forever 21 because their products are not targeted at men.The retail industries in Italy have declined in 2008 and are expected to recover over 2011 (Datamonitor 2010 ). This is a result from the recession – as consumers’ incomes fail, they have l ess money to spend on clothes than before. There will be a growing demand for discount apparel retail stores that provide low-cost output fashion. Porter five forces module can help identify the degree of competition based on potential entrants, buyers power, substitutes, suppliers and competitive rivalry. This analysis will reduce the risk of high competition by identifying the competitors strategies for the future. Forever21 can apply some of these strategies and use them in their own business. SuppliersKey suppliers in this industry are clothing manufacturers and wholesalers, with retailers able to source from both. There is a risk of choosing low chain supplier such as it may not be able to deal with changes in demand, industry, changing in fashion as well. Substitutes While there are no substitutes for women’s wear, they are alternatives to retail. These include buying directly from manufacturers as opposed to the conventional distribution chain, something which is facil itated by the growth of online sales. All major women’s wear retailers now have their own online store so many people prefer to buy products online. This has increased the buyers power on the market (Dunning 2008).This is a good factor because Forever 21 has their own website where people can shop online. Retail The retailer strategy is based on price by providing low-cost products during the recession period. This is their strategy, to recognise the price sensitivity of their target customers and compete on price selling clothes as cheap as possible and as other suppliers. Buyers All buyers are individual consumers who have different styles and preferences. Buyer behaviour plays an important role for customer choice based on different factors such as: home-made clothing, different colours, brand loyalty, price , designer label, quality, supply reliability, fashion, culture, believes, friends and family influence.Competitors These are some of the main players in the retail in dustries in Italy that will have a direct influence to Forever21 in terms of price, similar target audience and products. These companies also have their own web-sites where customers are able to shop online. These are famous brands companies that sell quality clothes for the young audience. H&M Strengths H&M is a retailer which is targeting its products at women, men, teenagers and children. The company offers national brands and private label merchandise in many categories, including cosmetics, accessories and footwear. H&M operated 1,738 stores in 33 countries in November 2008.H&M adopted the concept of regional grouping with purchases and distributes the merchandise to a region. Their strategies involved transferring the central design, buying, logistics and stock-keeping functions to the new company. The company also has its own web-site where customers are able to shop online, to see what’s new in a store, compare prices, etc. Weaknesses: There is a high competition as companies such as TopShop, Bershka and Terranova are famous brands that sell similar products on the Italian market and are based on fashion, quality price and the same target audience. The weaknesses for Forever 21 will be the same. Strengths: Industria S. A. s created from various different companies, including Zara, Bershka, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Stradivarius. All of these companies have a similar culture. All of them are in the clothes industry. However, these companies don’t have a direct competition between each other because their product style is differs from one another. Breshka clothes are cheap and their audience is the 16-to-25-year age group. Zara is more specialised in the young professionals group. Zara is present in 73 countries, with a network of 1,341 stores located in major cities. Bershka sales format has 626 stores in 41 countries. Bershka stores are large and spacious. All of these companies produce quality clothes and follow the latest trends in fashion (Mintel 2011). Task 2The analysis of the retail clothes industry on Italy shows that it will be advantageous for the company to open a store there. The key elements of the research are the strong economic stability of the country, the high tourism, the technologies factors and the place that the Italian market for clothes occupies in Europe. The country has managed to recover from the big recession since 2008. This is an advantage for any foreign business that would like to invest in Italy. There are good conditions of doing business there. The market value shows that the women dominate in the clothes market. The women retail market has 61. 3% of the total market by selling clothes and accessories (Datamonitor 2010). There is a monopolistic competition within the clothes retailers.This means many firms sell products that are similar but not identical based on brand, quality, designer†¦ The environment factors show that consumers have adapted their lifestyle to discount retailers. It will be an advantage for the country to have a retailer of non-designer women’s wear, especially for customers with lower disposable incomes. The good relations between the US and Italy also plays an important role for opening a business in Italy. The Italian government has played an important role in the industry by attracting foreign investments to the country through low-barriers entry. It is said in the report that the government uses similar restrictions as are used in Europe.The Italian government welcomes foreign investments in most industries especially when they create jobs. All factors show that it will be challenging for the company to open a store in Italy and adapt to the Italian culture. But then, isn’t doing a business a challenge in itself! Task 3 – Module entry International Franchising is the possible module entry to Italy that is appropriate for the company based on all factors described in the report. The Franchising method wil l be easy to transfer to foreign locations. The licensing agreement and franchising agreement are put on formal contract with typical terms. ’’ Franchising is a method of distributing goods and services by licensing a business idea or concept to another. ’ (Amerilawyer 2011) International Franchising is a faster form of international business. A firm sells limited rights to the use of its brand name to a foreign firm in return for a sum payment and share of 50% of the profits. There are a lot of advantages of using the franchise. The Franchise can establish a well know product and operating system, good reputation, support services and it can expand internationally. The Franchise will reduce the risk and cost of module entry and easier time securing financing because the Franchisor typically has an established trademark and good marketplace experience. These are the reasons why Forever 21 should take it into consideration.The franchise also involves some local m arket customs and culture from the host country (Griffin and Pustay 2010). However, there are some disadvantages of the franchising agreement such as the profit needs to be shared, there is dependence on the licensee as to how to sell the products including policies, potential loss of control of manufacturing and marketing. The Franchisor controls any advertising conducted by the Franchisee. Task 4 – Marketing Mix The Marketing Mix includes Product, Price, Promotion and Place. In order to achieve their marketing objectives, Forever 21 needs to have a strategy that includes different elements – the various parts of the marketing mix. ProductClothes normally have short life cycle based on seasonal factors and fashion. The brand is very successful and well known in the US. However, it will be new for the Italian market. It may take a long time for the company to create a strong brand name there. According to Lynch 1994, it will take it at least five years to establish a b rand and short-term reimbursement should not be expected. The brand is an important part of any business because this is the thing that makes the products different from the competitors’ and are easy to be recognised as a design and a way to an established product position in the market. This makes it easy to buy or sell products.A strong brand speaks about the function and charter of the product and helps consumers decide whether this is their kind of product, specially when new and untried products are considered. Creating brand loyalty and creating something special to consumers mind makes it difficult for the competitors to â€Å"touch it† (Brassington and Pettitt 2007). The Italian culture shows that quality plays an important part in the consumer behavior in Italy. It will be an advantage for the company to improve the quality of its products in the first stage and, on the next stage it may increase the price so that it may compete on the Italian market with othe r companies. Using sales advisor will be another advantage which could make more people prefer to go shopping in the Forever 21 stores. PricingPricing is an important part of the Marketing Mix because it is a balance between serving to customer’s needs and wants and serving the needs of the organisation to cover its costs of manufacturing, marketing and making a profit. The company is famous with the fact that it produces clothes that are not expensive and many people can afford them. The environment factors show that consumers in Italy are prepared to pay more but to wear quality clothes. The company has to come with pricing strategies to increase the price of the products and create better quality or to keep the same as it is now. The choice of a launch price should take into account the future plans for the pricing and positioning of the product. Penetration pricing is one of the possible price strategies that Forever 21 may use.Penetration pricing is used when entering a big market for a short period of time and then the organisation may price aggressively below the existing competition. However, this method could be a risky strategy because it could establish a poor quality brand image. The latter may lead to a situation where it will be difficult to raise the price (Brassington and Petitt 2007). The company may consider using 20% discounts for students because their target audience is based on young people. This will surely attract more customers. Promotion The power of the media has a big influence on building a brand. Brand advertising may increase the buyer power. These are some of the leading media groups in Italy: Mediaset is one of the leading commercial television operators with 32. % of the Italian media; Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso has 14. 0%. These companies are concentrated on publishing, radio, advertising, internet businesses and national television, newspapers and magazines (Datamonitor 2011). Appendix 5 shows that people in Italy a re more influenced by the TV adverts and newspapers. This means it will be a good idea if Forever 21 uses TV commercials to advertise the opening of the new store in Italy. However, this is the most expensive method and will cost a lot of money to the business. Using online advertising will help the company attract the right audience by using Facebook, Yahoo! and MSN because these web-pages are part of everyday life of the young people. PlaceThe company has to decide in which part of Italy it would be feasible to locate the store, in the North or the South. Most businesses are located in the northern region. However the company has to find a big place with an average area of 5,000 sq. m. This will be very expensive in the North and could be difficult for the company to afford it. For this reason, the company may open an out- of- town store, which would be cheaper than the town centre location and also could offer a big parking facility for the customers. 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Europe retail industry segment 2009 [pic](Datamonitor 2009) Graph 2 Italy apparel retail industry [pic] (apparel retail in Italy Datamonitor 2010) Appendix 4 Hofsteade module of culture differences [pic] Appendix 5 Advertising media [pic] (Mintel Global Market Navigator 2010) Segment 2009 (m EUR)